James w



W. SEE. LIANCE FOR MAKING GEARS.

Patented Mar. 22,1898.

, J. METHOD OF AND APP UNH ED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

als

JAMES W. SEE, 'OF HAMILTON, OHIO.

METHOD OF AND APPLANCE FO MAKING GEARS.

smarr-cenon forming partof Letters Patent No. 0,994, dated March 22, 1898.

AnpIicatio filed September 7, 1897. v SerialNo.-650,71'6. (No model.) I

To all whom it mr y cancer: i Be it known that I, J AMES XV, SEE, of Ham- 'ilton, Butlercounty, Ohio, have invented'certain new and useful Improvenents in Methods of and Appliances for Making Gear-s, of -wl ich the ;following is a specification. I This invention toothed gearing and -in the method of and appliances'formakng the same, and the inven- -tion will be readily understood from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a dametrical section of a typical bevelrgear to be produced; Fig. 2, a side elevation, same gear partially finished; Fig. 3, a diametrical section of the partially-finished gear in conjunction. withexemplifying upsettingdies; Fig..4, a face-view of one of the exemplifying upsettng-dies; Fig. 5, an end elevation of a few of the teeth of the'finished product; Fig. 6, an end elevation of a few of the teeth of the partiallyfini'shed product; Fig. 7, an 'end elevatio, one of the finishedteeth, the dotted line giv-` ing the con tourof the partiall'y-finished toth; and Fig. 8,a front elevation of a typical m'achine for Operating the dies,

It has been an accepted maxim that accurate toothedgea'ring could only be produced by cutting processes In cutting spur-gears one 'cut may finish a tooth-space, and the cutting cost will obviously be directly as the n u mber of teeth in the gear. Bevel-gearin g making any pretensi'on to accuracy cannot be produced with a single cut for each tooth-space, even crudely-cut work calling for two outs for each teeth-space. Regardless of expense, correct bevel-gears cannot have their teeth cut with rotary cutters. In correctly formed bevel-gears all of the lin'es lying along the teeth converge to a focus, and this result cannot be produced. by circular-toothed contour cutters. '-It has .therefore become *customary in using circular cutters for cutting bevel-` gears to accept distorted teeth. The focal e planing-machine,

- lines, is capable of 59 planin g the sides of the teeth with a sharp tool corner moving in focal produ'cing theoretically perfect work; but in practice the delcate toolcorner wears away and accuracy becomes de-.'

feated; Spiral cutters making motos of repertains to im provements in half diametrcal section, of the' on an enlarged scale, of

cprocation and partial rotation would produce theoretically correct bevel-gearing; but ,the work is slow and expensive. In any of the cutting Operations the cost increases with the number of teeth. lVhe-e accurate bevel gear's ,are required in large quantities, the question of cost of tooth-cutting becomes a serious one, and the cost and maintenance of plant is equally serious.

By my improved method it is believed that bevel-gearng can be produced in quantities at a trifiing cost Compared with that of any tooth-cutting process and with a degree of accuracy not attainable in a system 'of exteided man ufact u re by the tooth-cuttin g process. l`he gears 'produced by my improved method must be of metal possessing some de gree'of malleability,'say wrought-iron or steel. I form a. tooth-gear by die or drop forging process with teeth abnormally thin and high. I then upset the teeth to proper thickness within a die confining the tnoth sidewise and controlling its contour.

. Rferring to the drawings, 1 indicates a typical bevel-gear-such, for instance, as is adapted for use on bicycles, such gears being required in great numbers and of exeeptional accuracy; 2, the finished teeth thereof having the usal approved cross-sectional contour; 3, the partiallyfinished gear, the same being a drop-forging of but ordinary accuracy` of production; 4, the teeth of the partially-finished gear, the same being abnormally thin and high; 5, material in the par- 10, the crown of the teeth of the partially-- representing the ab-' finished gear, the same normal height of these teeth as compared with the teeth of the 11, typifying-machine in the formof a hydrostatic press for pressing the dies together.

In making the gear-s a gearis first produced IOO finished product; and U 2 &00,994

by drop-forging or equivalent process with teeth of abnormal thinness and height, only good ordinary accuracy and smoothness being sought for at this stage of the process. The partially-flnished gear is then accurately faced on its back under the metal 5, so as to lie fairly on the anvil-die 6. The partiallyfinished gear is then to be pickled and cleaned, so as to be as free as possible from scale, and, if found needful, it is to be annealed. In facing the back of a gear it is to be chucked true with the roots of the teeth or the floors of the tooth-spaces. The partially-finished gear is now to be subjected to powerful pressure between the anvil-die and the upsettingdie, the upsetting-die squeezing down the crowns 10 of the teeth and expanding them in thickness to fill the tooth-spaees of the upsetting-die. The gear is th'en'to be chucked true and the necessary lathework done upon it to remove extra metal 'and the surplus metal at the ends of the teeth and to bring the web to the proper thiokness.

The upsetting-die is to be formed with extreme accnracy. Assume that by the bestknown methods of cutting beVel-gearing it is proposed to produce a single gear of great accuracy. Such a gear would be expensive; but the expense would be multiplied if great numbers of such gears were wanted. The upsetting-die 7 is to be made'with the same care and accuracy as in the case of the assumed single bevel-gear; but when this die is done the production of a large number of accurate gears by means of the die does not call for a multiplication of the expense. By the most accurate system of tooth-cutting the wear of the cutting-tool will result in eccen-' tricity of gear or in thickenin g of the teeth in succession along the series of 'teeth being cut. By proper testing and correction a sufficiently accurate result may be attained either in a cut gear or in the upsetting-die 7', but the cost of accuracy in cut gearing will be multiplied as more gearing is produced, while with the upsetting-dies the cost is not multiplied as more gears are produced. The gear-teeth produced by the upsetting-die will the'eforc possess the accuracy of the die, and that accuracy can be considerably in excess of anything practically attaiuable in the production of cut gears in quantities. The npsetting operation is to be performed while the partiallyfinished gear is cold, and consequently the faces of the teeth of the finished gear are formed of higher condensed metal swaged between the sides of the tooth-spaces of the upsetting-die. Should it be desirable to harden the finished gears, some distortion may result; but no superior degree of distortion and hardenin g is chargeable to the improved method by which tne gear was produced.

I claim-as my invention- 1. In means for making toothed gears, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a toothed forging-die, a toothed upsetting-die corresponding with said forging-die but having its tooth-spaces of greater width and less depth than the tooth-spaces in said forgingdie, and anvil-dies to oppose and coperate with said toothed dies.

2. In means for making toothed gears, the combinatiou, substantially as set forth, of a toothed upsetting-die adapted to receive a partially-finished toothed gear of malleable material, the tooth-spaces of said die being of greater width and less depth than the teeth in said partially-finished gear, an' anvil-die to engage upon the opposite side of said partially-finished gear, and means for forcibly approaohing the two dies while the partiallyfinished gear is between them.

3. That improvement in the art of making toothed gears which consists, first, in forging the gear with teeth of abnormal height and thinness, second, in pickling the partiallyfinished gear, and, third, in upsetting the teeth to normal height and thickness.

. JAMES W. SEE. witnesses:

SAM D. FrrroN, J r., M, S. BELDEN. 

